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Is Spravato Better Than a Placebo? What the Trials Show

Ketamine therapy

Is Spravato Better Than a Placebo? What the Trials Show

People who took Spravato did better than people who took a placebo spray, by a moderate margin. Here is what the numbers say.

In a 2026 review of six trials with 1,836 people, those who took Spravato did better than those who took a placebo spray (Xie et al., 2026). Their depression scores improved by about three more points. Out of every 1,000 people treated, about 154 more responded to treatment and about 106 more reached remission than on placebo.

Grid of 100 dots, each standing for 10 people, with 15 highlighted to show about 154 extra people out of 1,000 who responded to Spravato compared with placebo

Results varied from person to person. In a 2025 trial, 378 people who had failed at least two antidepressants took Spravato on its own. After four weeks, they had improved by 5 to 7 more points than the placebo group, depending on the dose, and the difference showed up within a day (Janik et al., 2025).

Bar chart of extra improvement over placebo on a depression scale: 3.0 points across all 6 trials, 5.1 points for 56 mg Spravato alone, 6.8 points for 84 mg

Among people who had improved, those who kept taking Spravato were about half as likely to relapse (Xie et al., 2026). A separate analysis found that Spravato helped about twice as much as adding an antipsychotic to an antidepressant (Dold et al., 2020).

Two bars comparing relapse risk: 100 for people switched to placebo and about 51 for people who kept taking Spravato

A note on the research

Some trials did not succeed. One dose in an early trial missed its main goal (Fedgchin et al., 2019), and a trial in China and the US found no significant difference at four weeks (Chen et al., 2023). The manufacturer ran or paid for most of the large trials. Many people feel floaty or detached after a dose, which means some can guess which spray they received, and researchers do not yet know how much that changes the results.

When to get help

Spravato is given in a clinic with two hours of monitoring afterward, and it does not suit everyone. A licensed clinician can tell you whether it fits your history and your other medications. Exxceed Wellness offers evaluations and treatment in Hayward and by telehealth across California. If you are thinking about harming yourself, call or text 988 right away.

Keep reading

Educational information only, not medical advice. If you are in crisis, call or text 988.

Sources

  1. Xie, et al. (2026). Esketamine nasal spray for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Psychiatry. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1774549
  2. Janik, A., Qiu, X., Lane, R., et al. (2025). Esketamine monotherapy in adults with treatment-resistant depression: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 82(9), 877–887. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.1317
  3. Dold, M., et al. (2020). Pharmacological augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant depression, including esketamine: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaa034
  4. Fedgchin, M., et al. (2019). Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose esketamine nasal spray combined with a new oral antidepressant in treatment-resistant depression (TRANSFORM-1). International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyz039
  5. Chen, X., Hou, X., Bai, D., et al. (2023). Efficacy and safety of flexibly dosed esketamine nasal spray plus a newly initiated oral antidepressant in adult patients with treatment-resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, active-controlled study conducted in China and USA. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 19, 693–707. doi:10.2147/NDT.S391096

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